Some Irish folk in Georgia

 On Jan. 10, 1734, a sloop limped into Savannah in the new colony of Georgia. Sloops are small ships, and this one was bringing indentured servants from Ireland to New England. The ship had been battered in storms. Food ran out. When the ship landed, only 40 servants — 34 men and six women — were alive.

In a letter to the colony’s trustees, James Oglethorpe, the colony’s founder, told about the Irish survivors:

 

As they were likewise ready to perish through misery, I thought it an act of charity to buy them, which I did, giving five pounds a head.

 

Oglethorpe was not writing social history. He was explaining expenses to his board.

Accounting for the 40, Oglethorpe said that he gave one to each of the widows in the colony to do farm work. Others went to build a sawmill. Some contracts were sold at sweet rates to magistrates who were so busy with public service they were behind in improving their own lands.

In 1734, slavery was illegal in Georgia. Labor was in short supply. Neighboring South Carolina was the wealthiest of the North American colonies — its wealth built of the exploitation of enslaved Africans. From the beginning, wealthy people in Georgia lobbied to make slavery legal in Georgia.

The indentured servants were not the first Irish to arrive in Georgia. A few were among the original settlers who claimed land in 1732. But most Irish immigrants came as laborers. When Boston and New York took steps to limit Irish immigration, Savannah remained an open door.

The history books say later generations of Irish laborers helped build the canals around Augusta and the railroads that made Atlanta a city.

But I’m new here and still learning this place.

Happy St. Patrick’s Day.

Habermas’s notion of a ‘public sphere’

 I guess you heard that Jürgen Habermas died. The New York Times said he was best known for his notion of a “public sphere.”

He theorized that democracy emerged and could continue to exist in a healthy form only if there was a space that was outside the control of the state, where deliberation and the exchange of ideas could freely occur.

 

Habermas was a fan of coffeeshops. He could go on at length about their history in contributing to the development of civilized thought. He thought that coffeeshops were a kind of model for what a public sphere could be.

Through my working years, I thought that newspapers could be — and should be — another public sphere.

When I tried to explain that idea, I didn’t start with a discussion of investigative reporting but with something simpler: the problems of editing letters to the editor.

In the old days, someone who was known in a community acted as a referee of the public arguments. If he or she did it well, the Sunday paper would have at least two pages of letters offering heated but reasonable discussion of the public’s business.

In more modern times, editors have been dismissed as useless gatekeepers, something that the Internet has proved we can all do without. I find the new way of doing things as enjoyable as watching a basketball game without a referee — an experience that is lacking.

I like the new technology. But I don’t think we’ve learned to use it correctly.

It seems to me that if you define “technology” broadly, you are not talking solely about new machinery and new methods of accounting for profit and loss. You are thinking about features that encourage deliberation and the free exchange of ideas.

Shiny new machinery and shiny new business models don’t necessarily do that.

• Source: Gal Beckerman, “Jürgen Habermas Dies at 96; One of Postwar German’s Most Influential Thinkers”; The New York Times, March 14, 2026. It’s here:

https://www.nytimes.com/2026/03/14/books/jurgen-habermas-dead.html?unlocked_article_code=1.TVA.yUxm.bCnRGVCQUcDZ&smid=nytcore-ios-share

The public service of sapsuckers

 Several yellow-bellied sapsuckers visit our feeders. They play a role in the ecology of our homestead and the neighborhood.

Sapsuckers drill holes in trees, making little wells of sap. The wells provide nutrients to sapsuckers and to other animals, including hummingbirds, warblers, corvids, squirrels, chipmunks, mice, voles and all kinds of invertebrates. The biologists call those other animals “secondary consumers.” Deer lick sugars from the wells.

Sap is not exactly nectar, but it does contain sugars. Hummingbirds rely on the sapsuckers’ wells before the flowering plants start blooming.

The Wise Woman and I are waiting on hummingbirds, which usually arrive in March. While hanging the feeders, I wondered what other sources of nectar hummingbirds could find in early spring.

I found a paper in Ecology and Evolution that strikes me as a model.

Researchers from the University of Idaho and the U.S. Geological Survey staked out sapsucker wells in Colorado using three methods: direct observation, camera trapping and environmental DNA analysis.

They compared the methods. As you’d expect, the technology is a big step forward. Camera trapping involves motion-activated cameras that can record images day and night. Environmental DNA analysis involves swabbing the area around the wells and running the samples through an automated system.

The researchers’ list of animals that visited the sap wells in Colorado was interesting. I wish researchers in Georgia would do a similar study.

• Source: Rick Clawges, Shannon Blair, Jan Eitel, Leona K. Svancara, Lee Vierling and Kerri Vierling, “Sapsucker Wells as a Keystone Nutritional Resource: Evaluating Methods for Detection of Secondary Sap Consumers”; Ecology and Evolution, Oct. 9, 2025, 15(10):e72277. Doi: 10.1002/ece3.72277. It’s here:

https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12509469/

 

Composing with notes

 Jillian Hess, a scholar who is interested in notes and notetaking, says that Susan Sontag used notebooks to compose in two ways.

First, Sontag used her notebooks to compose her essays. She collected and sorted materials on subjects that intrigued her. She collected pages of quotations she wanted to use and lists of points she wanted to make. She had lists of words to use and avoid. (Some writers pay more attention to diction than others.) By the time she sat down at the typewriter, her materials were in hand. At that point, she was almost making a collage.

Second, Sontag used her notebooks to compose herself, to make the personality she wanted to be. Hess says Sontag wanted to be the person who was interested in everything. I think some of us are generalists by temperament. We couldn’t specialize in any one field without doing violence to our psyches.

Sontag liked to read the notes of other writers. In 1949, when she was a student, she noted that reading André Gide’s Journals helped her compose herself.

 

They affect me in the same magical way; for immersion into an order and a discipline is the only thing that can soothe me….

 

Immersing yourself into someone else’s order and discipline is immersing yourself in another person’s mind. I love to do that, tramping around in the mind of someone whose order and disciplines of thinking are not like mine. Like Sontag, I like reading other people’s journals, notebooks, diaries and blogs.

• Source: Jillian Hess’s “Susan Sontag's Playground of Ideas” is in her Noted on Substack, March 2, 2026. It’s here:

https://jillianhess.substack.com/p/susan-sontags-playground-of-ideas?utm_medium=email

A sense of home

 Returning from South Georgia, we went to Arabia Mountain to see if the elf-orpine plants had painted the granite outcrops red.

They had.

These primitive little plants, which had been green the last time we saw them, change colors in February or March. It’s one of the signs of early spring.

Knowing that, the Wise Woman and I made it a point to get out of the house and look. Without saying much about it, both of us came in from the hike with a little firmer sense that this place is indeed home.

Millions of years ago, Diamorpha smallii adapted to live on the granite. As the little plants die and decay, layers of soil build up in the crevices of the rock. Lichens and mosses appear. Larger flowering plants follow. Eventually, you might see trees.

Biologists call this concept “succession.” I’m fascinated and am prone to go on about it.

Among the blooming plants at Arabia Mountain:

• Dimpled trout lily, Erythronium umbilicatum.

• Wooly ragwort, Packera dubia.

• Yellow jessamine,  Gelsemium sempervirens.

• Violets, Viola sororia.

Soon, it’ll be time for cross vine, Bignonia capreolata. The yellow and maroon flowers remind me of Indian blankets of Texas. I’ll be watching.

Blip, a conjugation

 I blip, you blip, he, she and it blips.

Chris Wright, energy secretary, said that after the United States and Israel struck Iran last year, markets stayed steady. His words:

 

Oil prices blipped up and then went back down.

 

This time, the average price of gasoline in Georgia has gone from $2.78 to $3.22.

I am blipped, you are blipped, we are blipped — all of us.

Orchard country

 The trip to Albany took us into a part of Georgia we hadn’t seen. It’s orchard country.

People know about Georgia peaches, but there are as many pecans as peaches. The orchards tend to alternate — perhaps 20 acres of pecans and then 30 acres of peaches.

A few varieties of peaches were blooming. Most were not. I was surprised that in some orchards the trees had been heavily pruned — almost espaliers. When I asked a native, she patiently explained that sunlight is vital to a ripe peach, so the trees are shaped to let in light.

The native was Sally, who runs Grandeur Farm Retreat, a bed and breakfast in Marshallville. Sally’s farm was set up to raise horses — surrey racers. Grandeur was an early winner. The breakfast was superb, and so was the conversation with Sally and her other guests. The couple we talked to visit repeatedly. The “retreat” in the name is more fact than marketing.

Marshallville doesn’t have enough traffic to have a stoplight. But it does have Massee Lane Gardens, with a collection of a thousand varieties of camellias. It was lovely in early spring, loud with the voices of birds and children.